fian
Field Bee
Taking into account that the highest incidence of velutina occurs in the Atlantic arc of continental Europe, that they are also multi-paired queens and that they would be the most likely to be swept by storms towards the British coasts, their reasoning does not hold up."Nigel Semmence, NBU
2016 - 2022 rough 2 nests a year + 13 individual sightings with no nests
2023 72 nests, 56 locations all in ports and coastal areas
20,000 sightings reported, 150 were accurate."
This is precisely why I caution about the drive to engage lay members of the public. 19,850 false alerts deflects the NBU from their urgent task at hand. What would be interesting to know is what proportion of the accurate sightings came from beekeepers, pest controllers or related disciplines?
"The majority of queens examined in the UK were found to have mated with 1 male. This compares to an average of 4 - 5 in France and >5 in China."
This is of interest for which there are at least two possibilities premised on the queens coming from a region of low velutina population density. However, without more detailed information on the distribution of single vs multiple mated queens it is impossible to draw any firm conclusions. The queens may have been produced and mated in the UK but that would not explain the coastal distribution. What would explain the coastal distribution is queens produced at the fringes of expansion in France being blown over by Spring winds and being dispersed over a wide arc.
"The areas of concern are:
Plymouth 3 AHs found that were not related to a known nest"
Queens or workers? If workers were they related clones or unrelated? If related then possibly from an unidentified nest otherwise not of that much of a concern.
"Yarm nest destroyed there was found to have produced males"
Not of that much concern because this would indicate loss of the queen giving rise to males being produced by sterile workers.
"Kent & East Sussex AHs not belonging to known nests found, 5 nests produced new queens"
Doesn't say how many and whether workers or queens? Again same question of whether they were workers and if so were they clones of each other.
That 5 nests produced queens is of concern but again little by way of detail. How many queen cells and had the queens flown or were they larval or pupal?
Regarding the import theory, you can give the volume numbers imported from China and France compared to other countries with a lower incidence.
However, it is very likely that these are queens mated and hibernated successfully in the United Kingdom. If there are few nests, it is likely that there will be fewer drones with reproductive capacity and this fits a profile of queens fertilized by a single drone.