It depends very much on the location - things to think about are:
space,
potential nuisance to neighbours,
the available forage,
having somewhere you can move the bees to in case the worst comes to the worst,
the strain of bee you keep
and - most important of all - your knowledge and ability.
It's probably not a good idea to set up a colony, with no experience of bees, in a garden (or anywhere with close neighbours), where they can fly in all directions at 3 - 4' above ground level. Having said that, a lot of us do keep bees in the garden and they do very well. I live in a terrace and have several colonies here, some literally outside the back door, but they are, obviously, all very docile colonies. I also have out apiaries in case I need to move a colony as, unfortunately, even the best tempered colony can become defensive at any time, even with the same queen.
I didn't start my beekeeping in the garden, I only moved them in once I was confident that I could cope with whatever they threw at me, and believe me, in the early days, in my ignorance that difference strains of bees were available, I took some real pastings.
Just re-read the OP, and now I'm not sure if any of this is relevant - are you enquiring with a view to keeping bees yourself, or is a more academic interest?