Only for convection.
Conduction and radiation occur in all directions. Conduction is limited to movement from higher temperature regions to lower temperature but can occur in any direction.
Radiation is unlimited in direction, but not normally considered within the the material as the radiation would be immediately re-absorbed. All surfaces above zero Kelvin will radiate heat. They will also absorb heat. It is radiated in equal amounts from both surfaces for an almost infinitely thin membrane (work that one out for yourself).
Convection is the upward movement of less dense material within a fluid. Convection moves heat away, upwards, by movement.
The earlier snowflake poster, who disagreed with me, obviously didn’t learn his science properly (if at all) while at school. The heat from the lower surface will be conducted to the air molecules; those air molecules will then be warmer, less dense and rise (yes, that means move) across the cavity, conducting their heat energy to the upper membrane by conduction. Simple enough? Convection is through the movement of a fluid. Got it yet?
For those that understand principles of heat transfer will know that vacuum flasks are useless once air leaks into the cavity - because the heat, while the flaak is in good operational condition, cannot be conducted or convected across the cavity (nothing to conduct or move and the heat loss is very much reduced by the mirror shiny surfaces radiating less and reflecting more of the heat. Yes, radiation can be reflected or absorbed by surfaces. Such a flask, with air in the cavity, can then lose heat by convection, conduction and radiation which renders it fairly useless.
I very much doubt that particular poster has ever heard of the Leslie’s Cube Experiment - a very basic Physics investigation at GCSE level of education. A simple demonstration of radiation from a hot body.
The reason why most heat could be potentially lost from the roof is because the vast majority of the heat lost by the bees is convected to the top of the hive and then lost by conduction. Hence the need for the insulation (and no top air leakage) so that the heat loss is minimised - not eradicated. The bees use their stores for heat production during the winter, while minimising any activity that wastes energy required for other life systems. They cannot avoid heat loss due to respiration or body losses, but they do minimise it as far as possible.
Likewise, the other poster who thinks convection losses are avoided by sealing the ends of tubes is delusional. It certainly reduces the movement but does not prevent convection.