I’m new to beekeeping and know little about genetics and history so sorry for my ignorance, but if everyone kept local bees and bred from the best of them wouldn’t they become as good as any other bee? Or have I massively simplified an issue? I use local bees mainly because they are gentle and produce honey so why pay for a queen. But for me it’s a hobby and also what seems like a good crop to me could be pitiful to commercial keepers
1."f everyone kept local bees and bred from the best of them wouldn’t they become as good as any other bee?"
Well yes.. The issues are: bee queens mate with up to 20 drones.. so passing the genes on from the drones'mothers.. If your local bees are calm with other desirable characteristics, then the offspring will likely be nice. If they are largely horrible, then you are wasting your time : unless most other beekeepers do the same as you do: culling the bad and breeding from the good. With the rise in the number of beekeepers most of whom have less than 5 years experience and 3-4 hives, no chance of that.
2. "I use local bees mainly because they are gentle and produce honey so why pay for a queen.
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Well yes. My local bees are swarmy, aggressive and poor producers.. Most local beekeepers - within a 2 mile radius - are new.. so buy bees.
If I had another 20 years of beekeeping left, I might try to persuade everyone local to participate in bee raising etc. There is zero chance of that happening - I have at best 10 years. (age)
To change the local population requires LOTS of hives...all participating..and flooding the area with nice bees and especially nice drones.
It took the Germans about 50 years of concerted nationwide effort to get their local bees nice. They gave up on the European local bee as it was horrible and adopted Carnica.. Pictures of people keeping bees without veils...
As the BBKA cannot agree on what is a Native UK bee, the chances of achieving anything within the next 20 years are virtually zero... (Do we choose Cornish bees, Welsh bees etc to breed from?)
The policy is rather like Brexit but rather worse managed...