'Proven' is more than that.
You know that it ought to be, and I know that it ought to be - but does someone who keeps bees purely for the lucre know that, or even care ? It was Socrates of course, who considered money to be a 'corrupting substance'.
Determining characteristics takes time and expertise - that justifies a high price being asked. The same cannot be held true for a nuc, the queen of which may simply have been observed as having been successfully mated, and that was that. Which of course is the problem - for at first glance, both nucs may appear exactly the same. Only their price tags differ (or
should differ).
I thought the fact that no-one had yet mentioned characteristics (or even sub-species) was significant - perhaps some of you are taking good characteristics for granted: 'taken as read' as it were - but does everybody ?
I keep hearing of new beekeepers - with minimal experience - knocking out nucs and grabbing the money: there's a lot of this happening, and there will be more to come as beekeeping becomes ever more popular and is seen as one potentially profitable activity within our recession-hit country.
I'm not sure when such behaviour becomes "unscrupulous" - I'll leave that for others to judge. I only know that it's already happening and is on the increase.
Personal recommendation and/or personal visits to the apiary may be partial solutions to this, but won't address the issues from auction or via distance selling.
LJ