I would hazard a guess that being out in those conditions is more to do with a selection pressure to be able to successfully forage in cooler conditions than anything else. The navigation skills are likely similar, it's more about being able to survive and bring something back. That's a(n un)educated guess though.
I've seen all varieties of bees foraging on cloudy days, surely what you're after is more to do with the ability to cope with lower temperatures and/or mizzle? If so that's likely to do with metabolism and anatomy.
Remember we only see certain wavelengths of light and the bees see a different spectrum. If UV is scattered and blocked less than visible light it would make sense that bees might still be able to locate the sun even when we cannot. So the question becomes more about the physics of different wavelengths of light passing through clouds than the ability of the bees in this case. Bees also use other sensory cues too, such as electromagnetic fields. The following papers may be of interest, first talking about electrostatic fields:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&sou...AQFnoECA4QBQ&usg=AOvVaw0Zb036oaA1XLEPLmzeB5Mw
Measuring hairs is discussed in these but probably not the specific info. we're after:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874558/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.6112
EDIT:
This attached one's interesting.