Insulation, insulation, insulation!
My (metalwork) workshop is inside a sectional concrete garage. I originally constructed it with old garage doors with plenty of insulation between the garage walls and the doors. I have since (twice) enlarged it with 100mm recticel sheets as extra walls and polyurethane cladding (mostly 1200mm square) for the ceiling.
Further insulation has been added above, and at about 30 cubic metres it is maintaining around 5 Celsius minimum at all times, using a desiccant dehumidifier running two hours each night. Sometimes 375W and sometimes 750W - depending on the weather. A fan heater soon raises the temperature, if required, for working comfort.
It is a little cold on my fingers, at times, at the moment (no gloves when working with lathe and mill) but otherwise quite adequate. Humidity is kept low, so no condensation/corrosion issues. I’m currently adding more insulation and sealing any remaining heat loss paths, so heat loss will be reduced further. I am expecting I will increase the volume by another ~6 1/2 cubic metres this coming year - if I can find another cheap 100mm insulation sheet and clear out a bit more space in my garage.
Insulation materials used have been glass fibre and rockwool rolls, rock wool cavity wall slabs, 100mm sheets of polyurethane foam ( ex-building cladding?) and recticel, along with some aluminium backed bubble insulation sheet. Nearly all purchased at sales, so fairly minimal cost, compared to new.
It is not only cosy in winter but also cool in the summer (as long as I don’t leave the door open on hot days!).