Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysilio gogogoch
Is this the short version? My great great great grandmother immigrated from there back in the late 1700's. Her version was much longer.
Carniolan - superb spring buildup, excellent honey production if properly managed, very strong swarming tendency. There are some excellent strains available in Europe. More important, there is a huge amount of breeding work going on with these bees so long term improvement is assured.
Caucasian - good performance where fall flows are the primary honey crop, very strong tendency to collect propolis. IMO, these bees are more of a niche than a mainstream breed.
Italian - excellent overall performance whether spring or fall flows, tends to maintain very strong colonies year round which can cause problems in mid-summer and during long winters where they can consume all their honey. There is a lot of work ongoing to improve Italians, but most of it is for Mediterranean climates or for migratory beekeeping.
Native black bees - exceptionally good wintering, adapted to adverse conditions, medium honey production, can be aggressive especially when crossed to other races. These bees are arguably best adapted for smallholders with a few colonies of bees that are not heavily managed.
Varroa tolerant lines - Almost all of these are mixed from other species and have multiple weaknesses including excess swarming, low total honey production, and management difficulties. The Russians widely available in the U.S. are a mix of Italian, Carniolan, and other races that were imported into the Primorsky region over 100 years ago. They encountered varroa mites at least 80 years ago and developed significant levels of mite tolerance as susceptible colonies were killed. Pure Russians require different management than other commercial bees. The most important thing happening with varroa tolerant bees here in the U.S. is that thousands of small beekeepers are changing to treatment free beekeeping. This means the genome is beginning to shift toward varroa tolerance and away from susceptible commercial breeding lines.
Some people in this world have an idiosyncrasy of using grandiloquent histrionics to discountenance impecunious abcedarians. I prefer to use simple words most people can understand.... like AXE.
Translated: they use big words to irritate neophytes.