Most suburban and urban BKA members have been keeping bees in gardens and allotments since the BKAs were founded in the early 20th century.
Beekeepers do need to be mindful of neighbours and be prepared to take action to head off or remedy problems. Thousands of hives have been kept for many years without serious incident. For instance,
NBU estimate over 3000 colonies in the Greater London area. A large majority of those are in small apiaries and within 100m of houses or other inhabited buildings.
It is possible to keep bees (happily) in gardens (or on urban rooftops).
But you *do* need to be utterly intolerant of any stroppiness whatsoever in your bees. Which means keeping right on top of the situation, at all times.
And having a 'Plan B' alternative.
And all the usual stuff about siting a hive where the 'traffic' isn't going to intersect human passage. High hedges (head-high at least) are excellent, but cast (non-ideal) shade. Hence some using netting 'cages' (with an open top) around their hives.
Urban and suburban hobby beekeeping is perfectly possible.
Running a dozen hives from the postage stamp back yard found on so many developments nowadays would however be wildly over-ambitious, as even I would agree!
There is a certain (tiny) percentage of the population that is highly sensitive to beestings.
Knowing that, if you keep these "dangerous creatures" anywhere at all you must realise that you are putting the susceptible at risk - whether they are two houses or two kilometres away.
Personally, I think its a small risk, and a general one. And one that those that sadly are wildly susceptible to are running every day.
Let me give an analogy. If you ran a pub, would you sell peanuts? Some people have to be hospitalised after accidental contact with peanuts. How would you feel if someone had to be hospitalised as a result of a peanut you had sold?
How about if you were a chef and included peanuts in something in your restaurant? Who is responsible if someone is hospitalised?
One can keep bees responsibly in a garden, just as one can run a restaurant or a pub with peanuts.