One guy in Beesource forum told that trickling killed all his 12 hives. He made 30% oxalic liqiud. But how it is possible to make 1:1:1 ?
10% is a little high as well.
Short term negative effect of oxalic acid in Apis mellifera iberiensis
R. MartÃ*n-Hernández1*, M. Higes1, J. L. Pérez1, M. J. Nozal2, L. Gómez2
and A. Meana3
1
Centro ApÃ*cola Regional. Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha.
19180 Marchamalo (Guadalajara). Spain
2
Departamento de QuÃ*mica AnalÃ*tica. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de
Valladolid.
47005 Valladolid. Spain
3
Departamento de PatologÃ*a Animal I (Sanidad Animal). Facultad de
Veterinaria.
Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid. Spain
Abstract
The toxic effect of oxalic acid (OA) on Apis mellifera iberiensis was
studied using field and laboratory assays. Bee
deaths were higher in OA treated hives than in control hives.
Pathological repercussions of topical application of 10%
OA were observed in different internal honeybee organs. After 24 h,
there were severe alterations in the ventricular
epithelial layer while by 48 h there was clearly seen degeneration of
the rectal epithelium. Irreversible lesions appeared
at 48 h in different bee organs with increased cellular damage after 72
h. Indications are that the effect of the OA
continues after initial contact and causes permanent lesions in
digestive and excretory organs. Tissue distribution of
the acid in different bee organs, after topical administration, suggests
that some of the acid is ingested, in some way,
by the bee.