Anything contaminated with spores could be a vector of disease.
Bees & Honey included... plus anything else that has been in contact.. boots.. gloves.. tools... smokers... suits... all hive parts and that includes queen introduction cages.
Reason to be wary where you get your queens from!
Yeghes da
IT does not go that way.
How often it has proved in UK that AFB spread via queens? Or via boots?
.
What do you mean Finman? Are you suggesting that afb spores are not spread by anything they come into contact with? This is contrary to what we understand here.
Can afb be transfered on or by queen introduction ?
AFB is a spore-forming bacterium. Once it has reached that stage the bacteria will be found anywhere within the hive or on any equipment it has come into contact with. It is a legal requirement to destroy all such equipment here to prevent its spread (or irradiate it)Understanding and facts are different thing.
Have you any prove, I ask, when you have there so sure opinions. How much you have done AFB research in UK? What university?
Your understanding is not very good in many diseases. Like with EFB it is totally wrong.
And with chalk brood not much better.
. Nosema... Update!
Bailey comb exhange ... Without identyfying what disease, if any.
Varroa, not very good. Lots of Apistan selling in Scotland. Unclear advices but huge booklets.
Much to update!
And your companies are selling quite much humbug and no one say anything.
AFB is a spore-forming bacterium. Once it has reached that stage the bacteria will be found anywhere within the hive or on any equipment it has come into contact with. It is a legal requirement to destroy all such equipment here to prevent its spread (or irradiate it)])
There is a researcher in university of Sweden who has done doctor study about ABF couple years about . He has researched the spreading of the disease. He has published good reports about AFB. Results are quite different from what you write now.
Can afb be transfered on or by queen introduction ?
thanks b+ to the point answer
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