If you have queen cells on test frames that does indicate they are queenless. I would not personally be raising queens from emergency cells, but I have alternatives.
Without knowing details of the strength of these groups of bees, I could not comment further before knowing their strength. Uniting might be better.
Small queens can be the result, which, while maintaining the viability of the colony, can be superceded early or perhaps not be restrained by a queen excluder.
After a month or more, I would be considering introducing a laying queen or queens as a favoured potions.
Not totally sure of what your question was. If you intend raising a queen from a test frame, you can remove poor cells after a week. If made on older larvae, they could emerge earlier than expected, so a week is about the best compromise. Six days from frame addition is minimum and pick the largest, especially if it an open cell. They are not going to swarm, but you need to get the best queen you can.