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Supplementary Table S2 lists LSV sequences from Belgium which was in Europe when I last checked (you never can tell these days) They're also here ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KM886902 and 03, 04, 05 ... which list the original papers they're from which looks like: AUTHORS...

Not much point as there will likely be quite a bit of sealed brood in the colony. And OA dribbled isn't good for unsealed brood either.

Midwinter = green woodpeckers ... if they've learnt to exploit hives where you are. Or not ... OP was in Ireland. They've not got there yet (I think)

Remember that the stuff on the tray will be damp. It needs to be dried to stop it going mouldy between now and when you want to use it. It would need to be a significant amount to make this worthwhile ... I feed about a heaped tablespoon.

You can feed pollen on a small piece of card laid (e.g. filing index card) on the top bars of frames. Not all colonies take it like this, though whether that's due to them not needing it or something else I have no idea. In pollen-poor apiaries I've done this early season for several years.

CBPV is characteristic of very strong colonies, mid-season. The pic doesn't look like typical CBPV to me - too many clearly banded bees. However, as CVB says, check the box or shivering, shaking or quivering bees tottering around on the top bars of the hive. Sometimes on the stand and landing...

I wouldn't want to ... no-one would buy it here ;)

And it's here in print: Koeniger N. et al., (2005) The nearer the better? Drones (Apis mellifera) prefer nearer drone congregation areas. Insect. Soc. 52:31-35 Paywalled I'm afraid, but only £35 :( ... but the abstract is pretty informative.

For half a dozen colonies in an apiary trickling is faster for one person with two entrance blocks ... I have so little to do in the winters that I timed it last year :( Not much faster mind ... and if you take into account the time preparing the Api-Bioxal in the kitchen before dribbling then...

How is the statement wrong?

If you do your autumn treatment early enough to properly protect your overwintering bees then mite levels are not minimal in midwinter (due to mid/late autumn broodrearing). A winter treatment then ensures your colonies get the best possible start to the new season. If you don't treat when...

Is this 'emergency' feeding or the routine autumn feeding? If the latter they'll need more than a kilogram ... just keep on adding it until they take no more. As Cheers says, if it's for emergency feeding a kg for starters is fine, but be prepared to add more. Try and avoid leaving...

If it's warm enough and they've plenty of stores I'd make a double brood box colony with the wild comb above (i.e. turn through 180 degrees) the rest of the colony. Fill the gaps below with new drawn frames and the space above with bubblewrap. Let the brood above emerge, add a clearer to get...

Excellent ... I've been struggling this year with numbers and letters. Fresh start from the New Year I'm thinking! These also look the same for a quid less ... or these for a fiver

Honey will likely be gone by next season ... if you're intending to extract and sell it don't leave it on the hive overwinter expecting it to still be there in the Spring. Super and frames will be just fine though.

It's pushed in with such force it permeates to every corner of the box in just a few seconds .. whether delivered from the top or bottom.

Covered here Admittedly on a cedar box ... but here it is in use:

The nozzle melts poly. Been there done that. A kink in the delivery route ensures most of the OA doesn't get to the intended location. Lifting the CB, adding an eke, putting the roof back upside down, delivery etc. ... takes seconds and is OK in midwinter ... but not as good as a simple hole...

Your could I suppose, but two problems ... firstly, it means the OMF will be open and you'll lose lots of the vapour, secondly some of the OA goodness will not get past the mesh. I expect access might be an issue and surely it can't get any easier than delivery through a 7-8mm hole through the...

Through a hole in the sidewall/rear of the floor, so under the frames ... or through a hole in an eke on top with the sealed crownboard or lifespan (inverted) on. I see no difference in terms of vapour distribution monitored through a perspex crownboard or the cracks/joints between boxes. Seal...