Having been impressed by Mike Palmers take on sustainable beekeeping, for the last three years I have taken home made wooden 5 frame nucs through the winter with no losses. OK, it is on a small scale, this year taking 6 nucs through winter. I stack them side by side and put styrofoam round the whole block, with heavy plastic round that. Going into winter I put a wooden eke on top of each nuc, with clear plastic sheet on top of the frames, so there is space for fondant come late winter. All my main colonies and nucs have self raised 2017 queens in. The nucs really explode come spring and I shift brood frames into production colonies. I know this will mean I cannot accurately assess honey production for the queen in the main colonies, but that is not a worry for me. I get adequate crops, a large part due to forage availabity in my area. By heavy culling I have been able to improve the temperament of the bees, and their health. Even with no control over my neighbours drones, the quality of my bees is improving. I never want for replacement queens, and can readily supply new beeks, that I mentor with bees.