As long as you have a queen mated or not you won't have laying workers, she will just lay drone brood if not mated. 4 to 5 weeks is a good marker but I have had queens take 6 weeks if the weather has been rubbish. The thing to look for if you can't find the new queen is polished cells in the centre of usually the middle 2 or 3 frames. Don't be too hasty putting in a test frame of eggs because that will only delay the queen laying. If you have a queen and want to reunite then just remove her and unite in your chosen method. If no queen and laying workers then throw them out 50yds away, remove the hive and let them figure it out.
I find it pretty difficult to make a colony queenless, they always seem make one no matter how bad I am at bee keeping..LOL
Cheers, Mick.