Not really. I'd recommend having a bit of a read up on the topic but here are the basics (slightly oversimplified):
Bees are a superorganism. It's not about the survival of the individual but the colony's genes (linked to their relatedness). This is done via both drones and queens.
If a colony only maintains itself (single replacement via supercedure when queen gets old), ultimately bees would die out completely as freak events or failed matings would gradually kill off colonies (and there would only have ever been one colony!).
So it makes sense for bees to try to make multiple colonies to offset this and instead increase colony numbers. This is done by swarming.
The aim is to produce more viable colonies than they started with. This requires the bees to be in a good position to start with- decent colony size with stores. Thus cues for swarming are often linked to a when there's a crowded brood area, which commonly occurs when there's a lot of forage- typically late spring.
Workers will produce queen cells and once they are capped, the old queen (ready to lay) goes off with a chunk of the workforce in hopefully good conditions, to start elsewhere (leaving some workers, a lot of sealed brood and the queen cells behind). This departing group is the 'original' colony.
The new queen cells hatch and the first out may kill off the others before mating and continuing the colony at the original site. However, the genetics have shifted so it's technically not the same colony even though its the same site. This hopefully means there are two colonies when there was one.
In some instances, not all the virgins get killed so caste swarms with an unmated queen will go out with some of the remnant of the workers but there should still be brood to emerge to support the new queen getting going. This has the potential to lead to more colonies but is not guaranteed. It may also weaken the colony at the original site but not the original colony. However, as they have a proven site with premade comb, hopefully some stores and the conditions that trigger swarming tend to be favourable forage and weather, they should have a fighting chance.
Swarm instinct is usually highest in late spring (as per the cues for it) so by mid summer most colonies will be getting ready for winter and the instinct dies down.