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Are they applying fipronil every month to dogs and cats in the US? e.g. subscription

Do it apply the dog flea treatments? Perkins, R., Barron, L., Glauser, G., Whitehead, M., Woodward, G., Goulson, D., 2024. Down-the-drain pathways for fipronil and imidacloprid applied as spot-on parasiticides to dogs: Estimating aquatic pollution. Science of The Total Environment 917, 170175...

The thesis https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/34266/

wind effects on heat loss are made greater if a) The wood exterior absorbs water (increases both conductive and evaporative heat losses) b) open mesh floor

unfortunately a single internal probe tells you very little

shortly you will have the full thesis public

Completed the viva to day. I was awarded PhD subject to fixing typos. Thesis "Thermofluid engineering of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) nest" School of Mechanical Engineering University of Leeds cheers

A heater element underneath a mesh floor really?

like this? note the extra thick end walls (PIR and correx from Jewsons) 50mm and 30mm

it applies to polys some of which have big hand holds. 25~50mm is only if sides not insulated/

its nearly as good as 5mm of PIR

Having a propolised rip off correx coverboard works from a practical beekeeping point of view. Been using it for several years. Try it

a raised lip on the crown board that gives a 5mm gap between board and the PIR actually give an extra 5mm of good insulation.

it reduces heat loss and removes a feature not found in tree nests

Follow the money ...

Using a crown board if itseals to the bee occupied chamber and if the PIR is within 5mm and sealed to the crown board then its is fine as a small horizontal air gap at these temperature differences does not have convection flows in it. NOTE: the following is not the current convention, and...

Substantial heat loss is from the walls at right angle to the frames. This because of the circulating airflow in the comb-comb gaps. You can see it in lots of IR photographs of hives. So fill the hand holds!

try a sheet of polythene backed with ally foil lying on the tops of the frames...

Mold... honey bees evolved to chew out the soft moldy wood inside a tree cavity. Condensation in the tree cavities is a fact. So honey bees deal with mold. Considering that even for humans nmold can constitute a source of protein it shows not all mold are equal or damnable . In fact there are...

TRy and find out if it is low emissivity paint