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HOW TO FIND QUEEN FROM SWARM put an excluder against the entrance Shake all frames onto the ground in front of the entrance. Bees go in and the queen will be found outside the excluder.

If the swarm does not have swarm, it returns to its home. The queen may die during the journey, and then the swarm do not know what to do. And the queen can die during mating flights too. If the swarm does not have a queen, finally it starts to make worker layer eggs. And it has no...

I have here june gap. It is 2-3 weeks long. It starts when dandelion is over about 10.6. Then gap is over when raspberry starts to give huge nectar yields.

What about june gap? .

I kept them 30 years. They had them a little, but I believed that the chalks were molden pollen tubes .

2000 km to North East in Finland. We have late Spring. Globe has not warmed up yet.

As often as beekeeper's chalk brain.

When you make Bailey comb excange it is 10 times worse than chalkbrood. And you cannot shake chalkbrood away. It is always in the hive or in the neighbour hive.

You may put even your hair from head to the hive, and it heals chalkbrood. But actually it is warm summer which heals the disease.

Melt them in big container and put it to settle in a bic bucket. It depends, how big containers you have. So you get cleaner wax. No idea to make them to half kilo bars. The foundation maker handle the wax in big clumps.

But if you think that it does not matter, what kind of queens you have, then you do what ever. If you control brooding space with excluder, perhaps you do not see, which queen lays more and which less. What ever, I do not use emergency queens. The most difficult is to find a mother queen...

Yes, beekeepers have much stories about " once I had a queen, which was.. " When I rear queens, I trust on propability, not on " once upon a time"

You can use your own brain. Feeding time of the queen larva is 5 days. Oldest larva, which can become a queen is 3 days, because all worker larvae are fed with royal jelly first 3 days. So 3 days old larva can be fed like a queen 2 days. You see it so, that no emergency queen has in its cell...

New queens will be very small size

As far I know, Derek has not made any reseach about that he spoke about it a lot. There is one research in the world in the jungle conditions, that higher humidity makes somerhing to varroa. The research has been made 25 years ago with A. Cerana . Derek read only this reseach and imagined...

I have not noticed such. There are so many reasons, why the hive could be angry, and mostly not.

. I use traditional covers because they work well. I can clean them with flame. All material are recycled and self made. Solid floors work well and I have no need to use "modern mesh floors". I do my floors too. I bought 2 mesh floors with first polystyrene boxes 35 years ago. Someone say...

I mean loft the air space between rain cover and insulated top cover. Insulation is foam plastic matress. 5-7 cm thick. The heat of the hive lifts moisture through the top cover . It is respirating structure. No polyethe sheets. Enctrance is 20 mm high and box wide

No. Not a single at the top.

I have had 60 years hives. I have no vent holes in the roof. Moisture moves in my top stucture through the upper cover to the loft. Loft must be ventilated, because otherwise moisture driples back into top insulation. I have solid floor 20 mm high and in the brood boxes I have 2 flying...